Cancer is caused by changes to genes that control the way our cells function. Some of these changes occur naturally during cell division, but others are the result of environmental exposures that damage DNA. Examples of these exposures include tobacco smoke and ultraviolet (UV) light.  

Harmful environmental exposures can occur through air, water, food, or the materials we use to do our jobs. Research continues to look at why some people develop cancer and others do not. Simply because a substance or chemical has been designated as a carcinogen does not mean that exposure to it will cause cancer. Many factors influence whether a person will develop cancer, including the amount and duration of an exposure, a person’s genetic background, and other risk factors.  

Environmental exposures that may increase cancer risk are sometimes difficult to avoid altogether. However, there are several actions you can take to reduce your exposure:

• Quit using tobacco products. Secondhand smoke can also be dangerous, especially indoors.  
• Limit UV exposure. Reduce exposure to sunlight during peak hours and use sunscreen, especially in childhood. Avoid tanning beds.

• Test your home for radon. Radon exposure is the second leading cause of lung cancer.  

• Know and follow all safety rules at your workplace. The VOSH program is responsible for enforcing workplace safety regulations in Virginia.  

Cancer data in Virginia is provided by the Virginia Cancer Registry. In the future, additional cancer data and trends on cancer will be available from this page.