EMS Provider Mental Health Research

This page is intended to serve as a comprehensive list of peer-reviewed research, white papers, and government and non-government organization studies surrounding EMS provider mental health and resiliency published in the last twenty years. Some links contain the full article, while others contain only the abstracts. For research articles about EMS provider health and safety, click here. If you believe there are missing articles that should be added to this list, please contact Karen Owens, Emergency Operations Division Director, at Karen.Owens@vdh.virginia.gov with your request.

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2022

• A Behavioral-Analytic Model for Assessing Stress in Firefighters. 2022. Schuhmann BB, et al.
• A Qualitative Analysis of the Mental Health Training and Educational Needs of Firefighters, Paramedics, and Public Safety Communicators in Canada. 2022. Lentz L, et al.
• A review of workplace mental health interventions and their implementation in public safety organizations. 2022. Edgelow M, et al.
• A Scoping Review on the Prevalence and Determinants of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Military Personnel and Firefighters: Implications for Public Policy and Practice. 2022. Obuobi-Donkor G, et al.
• Abstract thinking as a risk factor for the development of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in student paramedics. 2022. McKinnon A, et al.
• Ambulance ramping predicts poor mental health of paramedics. 2022. Phillips WJ, et al.
• Analysis of Work Related Factors, Behavior, Well-Being Outcome, and Job Satisfaction of Workers of Emergency Medical Service: A Systematic Review. 2022. Thielmann B, et al.
• Assessing the Perceptions and Impact of Critical Incident Stress Management Peer Support among Firefighters and Paramedics in Canada. 2022. Price JAB, et al.
• Associations between Lower-Order Anxiety Sensitivity Facets and PTSD Symptomatology among Trauma-Exposed Firefighters. 2022. Lebeaut A, et al.
• Behavioral and Occupational Health in Military Firefighters: An Understudied Population. 2022. Moore BA, et al.
• Bio-psycho-social health assessment in prehospital emergency technicians: A systematic review. 2022. Delshad V, et al.
• Breaking down barriers to help-seeking: preparing first responders' families for psychological first aid. 2022. O'Toole M, et al.
• Burnout and Health Issues among Prehospital Personnel in Taiwan Fire Departments during a Sudden Spike in Community COVID-19 Cases: A Cross-Sectional Study. 2022. Chang YT, et al.
• Burnout in emergency medicine professionals after 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic: a threat to the healthcare system? 2022. Petrino R, et al.
• Burnt out: how to help firefighters help themselves. 2022. Thomas CL, et al.
• Changes in intrinsic functional brain connectivity related to occupational stress of firefighters. 2022. Lee D, et al.
• Conceptualizing Suicide Prevention in Firefighters Through the lens of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide: A Narrative Review. 2022. Henderson E, et al.
• Coping strategies as mediators in the relation between perceived social support and job burnout among Chinese firefighters. 2022. Huang Q, et al.
• Depression, anxiety and insomnia among frontline healthcare workers amid the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) in Jordan: a cross-sectional study. 2022. Oteir AO, et al.
• Determinants of Stress, Depression, Quality of Life, and Intent to Leave in Washington State Emergency Medical Technicians During COVID-19. 2022. Srikanth P, et al.
• Differences in salient beliefs associated with voluntary exercise training among South Korean firefighters before and after COVID-19. 2022. Kwon J, et al.
• Duty-related stressors, adjustment, and the role of coping processes in first responders: A systematic review. 2022. Dautovich ND, et al.
• Emergency Stress, Hardiness, Coping Strategies and Burnout in Health Care and Emergency Response Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. 2022. Vagni M, et al.
• Emotional work stress reactions of emergency medical technicians involved in transporting out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with "do not attempt resuscitation" orders. 2022. Tanabe R, et al.
• Examining the quality of work-life of paramedics in northern Ontario, Canada: A cross-sectional study. 2022. Nowrouzi-Kia B, et al.
• Exercise and Occupational Stress among Firefighters. 2022. Soteriades ES, et al.
• Exploring the criteria and factors affecting firefighters' resilience: A qualitative study. 2022. Heydari A, et al.
• Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy of an App-Based Meditation Intervention to Decrease Firefighter Psychological Distress and Burnout: A One-Group Pilot Study. 2022. Pace TWW, et al.
• Firefighter Stress and Mental Health: Introduction to the Special Issue. 2022. Van Hasselt VB, et al.
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Comparison Between Fire and EMS Personnel. 2022. Russ T.
• Health Care Professionals' Perception of Stress During COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran: A Qualitative Study. 2022. Rouhbakhsh A, et al.
• How do paramedics and student paramedics cope? A cross-sectional study. 2022. Dodd N, et al.
• How do paramedics cope? A scoping review. 2022. Warren-James M, et al.
• Impact of Selected Sociodemographic and Clinical Parameters on Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Paramedics in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic. 2022. Marczewski KP, et al.
• Impact of violence on the burnout status of paramedics in the emergency department: A multicenter survey study. 2022. Kang JH, et al.
• Influence of the Cumulative Incidence of COVID-19 Cases on the Mental Health of the Spanish Out-of-Hospital Professionals. 2022. Soto-Cámara R, et al.
• Massed Prolonged Exposure for PTSD in Two Firefighters: Preliminary Case Study Findings. 2022. Zwetzig SE, et al.
• Mental Disorder Symptoms and the Relationship with Resilience among Paramedics in a Single Canadian Site. 2022. Mausz J, et al.
• Mental health and help seeking among trauma-exposed emergency service staff: a qualitative evidence synthesis. 2022. Auth NM, et al.
• Mental health and wellbeing of Australian police and emergency services employees. 2022. Kyron MJ, et al.
• Mental health care utilization by first responders after Paris attacks. 2022. Motreff Y, et al.
• Mental Health Correlates of Probable Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Probable Alcohol Use Disorder, and Their Co-Occurrence among Firefighters. 2022. Zegel M, et al.
• Mental Health Symptoms and Workplace Challenges among Australian Paramedics during the COVID-19 Pandemic. 2022. Petrie K, et al.
• Mental health symptoms in Public Safety Personnel: Examining the effects of adverse childhood experiences and moral injury. 2022. Roth SL, et al.
• Mindful attention training workshop for firefighters: Design and methodology of a pilot randomized clinical trial. 2022. Vujanovic AA, et al.
• Model Policies to Protect U.S. Fire-Based EMS Responders From Workplace Stress and Violence. 2022. Taylor JA, et al.
• Moral injury and psychological resilience among healthcare professionals amid COVID-19 pandemic. 2022. Akhtar M, et al.
• Organizational strategies to address posttraumatic stress injuries among Canadian paramedics. 2022. Du BB, et al.
• Pandemic Experience of First Responders: Fear, Frustration, and Stress. 2022. McAlearney AS, et al.
• Possible substance use disorders among first responders during the COVID-19 era: a quasi-experimental study of personal and residential vulnerability. 2022. Beauchamp AM, et al.
• Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, work-related trauma exposure, and substance use in first responders. 2022. Bonumwezi JL, et al.
• Prevalence of compassion fatigue among helping professions and relationship to compassion for others, self-compassion and self-criticism. 2022. Ondrejková N, et al.
• Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among first responders for medical emergencies during COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analysis. 2022. Huang G, et al.
• Profiles of Burnout, Job Demands and Personal Resources among Emergency Call-Takers and Dispatchers. 2022. Załuski M, et al.
• Psychological Effects of COVID-19 Patient Management Experience among Paramedics and Emergency Medical Technicians: A Nationwide Survey in Korea. 2022. Kim B, et al.
• Psychological First Aid Intervention after Exposure to a Traumatic Event at Work among Emergency Medical Services Workers. 2022. Tessier M, et al.
• Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Firefighters. 2022. Angleman AJ, et al.
• Resilience and job satisfaction among out-of-hospital emergency medical service professionals: A cross-sectional multi-centric study. 2022. Mantas-Jiménez S, et al.
• Role Identity, Dissonance, and Distress among Paramedics. 2022. Mausz J, et al.
• Shame and Guilt in EMS: A Qualitative Analysis of Culture and Attitudes in Prehospital Emergency Care. 2022. Hoff JJ, et al.
• Spiritual Coping of Emergency Department Nurses and Emergency Medical Services Staff During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran: An Exploratory Study. 2022. Habibi Soola A, et al.
• Stress Control for Military, Law Enforcement, and First Responders: A Systematic Review. 2022. Maglione MA, et al.
• Stress-Inducing Factors vs. the Risk of Occupational Burnout in the Work of Nurses and Paramedics. 2022. Grochowska A, et al.
• The Correlates of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Ambulance Personnel and Barriers Faced in Accessing Care for Work-Related Stress. 2022. Ntatamala I, et al.
• The impact of COVID-19 on social support perception and stress of prehospital care providers. 2022. Unal M, et al.
• The Impact of Reflection on Death on the Self-Esteem of Health Care Workers. 2022. Holajn P, et al.
• The interplay between acute post-traumatic stress, depressive and anxiety symptoms on healthcare workers functioning during the COVID-19 emergency: A multicenter study comparing regions with increasing pandemic incidence. 2022. Carmassi C, et al.
• The main and interactive effects of distress tolerance and reward function on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among firefighters. 2022. Zegel M, et al.
• The Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation Strategies in the Relationship Between Big Five Personality Traits and Anxiety and Depression Among Chinese Firefighters. 2022. Tao Y, et al.
• The mental health and wellbeing of spouses, partners and children of emergency responders: A systematic review. 2022. Sharp ML, et al.
• The perceived work environment and well-being: A survey of emergency health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2022. Blanchard J, et al.
• The protective effects of perceived cohesion on the mental health of first responders. 2022. Smirnova MO, et al.
• The Psychological Challenges of Emergency Medical Service Providers During Disasters: A Mini-Review February 2022. 2022. Alghamdi AA.
• The Relationship Between Death Anxiety and Alexithymia in Emergency Medical Technicians. 2022. Asadi N, et al.
• The Relationship Between Job Burnout and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese Firefighters: Colleagueship as a Moderator. 2022. Cui L, et al.
• The Role and Value of Chaplains in the Ambulance Service: Paramedic Perspectives. 2022. Tunks Leach K, et al.
• The short form effort-reward imbalance: Measure of occupational stress for firefighters. 2022. Chin DL, et al.
• The use of personal protection equipment does not negatively affect paramedics' attention and dexterity: a prospective triple-cross over randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. 2022. Kienbacher CL, et al.
• Transition to shift work: Sleep patterns, activity levels, and physiological health of early-career paramedics. 2022. Betson JR, et al.
• Understanding and Addressing Occupational Stressors in Internet-Delivered Therapy for Public Safety Personnel: A Qualitative Analysis. 2022. Beahm JD, et al.
• Unlocking Performance Excellence: Review of Evidence-Based Mindful Meditation. 2022. Safran T, et al.
• Workplace mental health implementation strategies in public safety organizations: a scoping review protocol. 2022. Edgelow M, et al.
• Workplace Reintegration Facilitator Training Program for Mental Health Literacy and Workplace Attitudes of Public Safety Personnel: Pre-Post Pilot Cohort Study. 2022. Jones C, et al.
• Work-Related Suicide Exposure, Occupational Burnout, and Coping in Emergency Medical Services Personnel in Poland. 2022. Witczak-Błoszyk K, et al.

2021

• A Mental Health-Informed Physical Activity Intervention for First Responders and Their Partners Delivered Using Facebook: Mixed Methods Pilot Study. 2021. McKeon G, et al.
• A systematic review: what factors predict Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in ambulance personnel? 2021. Brooks D, et al.
• Adherence to Psychological First Aid after Exposure to a Traumatic Event at Work among EMS Workers: A Qualitative Study. 2021. Tessier M, et al.
• An epidemiologic study of suicide among firefighters: Findings from the National Violent Death Reporting System, 2003 - 2017. 2021. Pennington ML, et al.
• Analyzing the Impact of COVID-19 Trauma on Developing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Emergency Medical Workers in Spain. 2021. Martínez-Caballero CM, et al.
• Assembling the Career Firefighter Health Study cohort: A methods overview. 2021. Zeig-Owens R, et al.
• Association between the experience of violence and burnout among paramedics. 2021. Braun D, et al.
• Associations between sleep, stress, and cardiovascular health in emergency medical services personnel. 2021. Cash RE, et al.
• Avoidance learning as predictor of posttraumatic stress in firefighters. 2021. de Haart R, et al.
• Barriers to Physical Activity Among Emergency Medical Services Professionals. 2021. Supples MW, et al.
• Burden and Protection: Heterogeneous Effects of Occupational and Operational Stressors on Burnout Dimensions Among Firefighters. 2021. de Carvalho TGS, et al.
• Burnout and Perceived Stress of Polish Emergency Call Takers and Dispatchers. 2021. Makara-Studzińska M, et al.
• Canadian Career Firefighters' Mental Health Impacts and Priorities. 2021. MacDermid JC, et al.
• Characteristics and Prognostic Factors for Return to Work in Public Safety Personnel with Work-Related Posttraumatic Stress Injury Undergoing Rehabilitation. 2021. Gross DP, et al.
• Compromised Conscience: A Scoping Review of Moral Injury Among Firefighters, Paramedics, and Police Officers. 2021. Lentz LM, et al.
• COVID-19 suicide and its causative factors among the healthcare professionals: Case study evidence from press reports. 2021. Jahan 2I, et al.
• Dynamic psychosocial risk and protective factors associated with mental health in Emergency Medical Service (EMS) personnel. 2021. Hruska B, et al.
• Emergency Medical Service Providers' Perception of Health-Threatening Stressors in Emergency Missions: A qualitative Study. 2021. Afshari A, et al.
• Emotional Problems and Sleep Disturbances in Paramedics in rhe Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic. 2021. Marczewski KP, et al.
• Evaluation of Before Operational Stress: A Program to Support Mental Health and Proactive Psychological Protection in Public Safety Personnel. 2021. Stelnicki AM, et al.
• Evaluation of the physiological changes in prehospital health-care providers influenced by environmental factors in the summer of 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2021. Tanaka S, et al.
• Examining Transdiagnostic Factors among Firefighters in Relation to Trauma Exposure, Probable PTSD, and Probable Alcohol Use Disorder. 2021. Lebeaut A, et al.
• Experiences and perceptions of family members of emergency first responders with post-traumatic stress disorder: a qualitative systematic review protocol. 2021. May K, et al.
• Exploring stress coping strategies of frontline emergency health workers dealing Covid-19 in Pakistan: A qualitative inquiry. 2021. Munawar K, et al.
• Factors predicting the development of psychopathology among first responders: A prospective, longitudinal study. 2021. Feldman TR, et al.
• Functional disconnection and reconnection: an alternative strategy to stoicism in public safety personnel. 2021. McElheran M, et al.
• Health outcomes of psychosocial stress within firefighters: A systematic review of the research landscape. 2021. Igboanugo S, et al.
• Healthcare providers experience of working during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. 2021. Eftekhar AM, et al.
• Here for My Peer: The Future of First Responder Mental Health. 2021. Horan KA, et al.
• Immediate psychological impact on citizen responders dispatched through a mobile application to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. 2021. Kragh AR, et al.
• Impact of a Mobile App on Paramedics' Perceived and Physiologic Stress Response During Simulated Prehospital Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: Study Nested Within a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial. 2021. Lacour M, et al.
• Impact of a Resiliency Training to Support the Mental Well-being of Front-line Workers: Brief Report of a Quasi-experimental Study of the Community Resiliency Model. 2021. Grabbe L, et al.
• Influence of Avoidant Coping on Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Job Burnout Among Firefighters: The Mediating Role of Perceived Social Support. 2021. Chen Y, et al.
• Insights into internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy for public safety personnel: Exploration of client experiences during and after treatment. 2021. Beahm JD, et al.
• It's Time to Talk to Prehospital Providers: Feedback Disparities among Ground-Based Emergency Medical Services Providers and its Impact on Job Satisfaction. 2021. McGuire SS, et al.
• Job Demands and Exhaustion in Firefighters: The Moderating Role of Work Meaning. A Cross-Sectional Study. 2021. Roșca AC, et al.
• Job Satisfaction and Performance Orientation of Paramedics in German Emergency Medical Services-A Nationwide Survey. 2021. Eiche C, et al.
• Meat in a Seat: A Grounded Theory Study Exploring Moral Injury in Canadian Public Safety Communicators, Firefighters, and Paramedics. 2021. Smith-MacDonald L, et al.
• Mental Disorders in Firefighters Following Large-Scale Disaster. 2021. Wagner SL, et al.
• Mental health and well-being impacts of COVID-19 on rural paramedics, police, community nurses and child protection workers. 2021. Roberts R, et al.
• Mental Health of Canadian Firefighters: The Impact of Sleep. 2021. Cramm H, et al.
• Occupational Burnout in Pre-Hospital Emergency Personnel in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2021. Sahebi A, et al.
• Occupational exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder: A rapid review. 2021. Van Eerd D, et al.
• Occupational exposure to suicide: A review of research on the experiences of mental health professionals and first responders. 2021. Lyra RL, et al.
• Paramedics in pandemics: protecting the mental wellness of those behind enemy lines. 2021. Awais SB, et al.
• Perceived Health Risks Among Firefighters; The New Jersey Firefighter Health Survey. 2021. Maloney SR, et al.
• Polish Emergency Dispatchers During a COVID-19 Pandemic - Burnout Syndrome, Perceived Stress, and Self-Efficacy. Effects of Multidimensional Path Analysis. 2021. Makara-Studzińska M, et al.
• Post-traumatic stress disorder, burnout and their impact on global functioning in Italian emergency healthcare workers. 2021. Carmassi C, et al.
• Predicting Posttraumatic Stress and Depression Symptoms Among Frontline Firefighters in China. 2021. Shi J, et al.
• Predictors of stress among emergency medical personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2021. Ilczak T, et al.
• Prevalence and determinants of secondary posttraumatic growth following trauma work among medical personnel: a cross sectional study. 2021. Ogińska-Bulik N, et al.
• Prevalence and Related Factors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Emergency Medical Technicians; a Cross-sectional Study. 2021. Khazaei A, et al.
• Prevalence of pain, analgesic self-medication and mental health in German pre-hospital emergency medical service personnel: a nationwide survey pilot-study. 2021. Möckel L, et al.
• Promoting Safety: Behavioural Emergency Response during the COVID-19 Pandemic. 2021. Lucchese S, et al.
• Prospective risk and protective factors for psychopathology and wellbeing in civilian emergency services personnel: a systematic review. 2021. Kyron MJ, et al.
• Protecting the health and safety of the paramedic workforce in Australia: The role of cohort studies with new recruits. 2021. Reynolds AC, et al.
• Psychological distress and line-of-duty head injuries in firefighters. 2021. Strack JE, et al.
• PTSD symptoms and suicide risk among firefighters: The moderating role of sleep disturbance. 2021. Healy NA, et al.
• PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, and subjective cognitive concerns in WTC-exposed and non-WTC-exposed firefighters. 2021. Mueller AK, et al.
• Quality of work life of paramedics practicing community paramedicine in northern Ontario, Canada: a mixed-methods sequential explanatory study. 2021. Nowrouzi-Kia B, et al.
• Recovery Sleep versus Emotion Regulation in Predicting Fire Service Shift Workers Stress, Fatigue and Irritability. 2021. Kelly MR, et al.
• Reducing the impacts of exposure to potentially traumatic events on the mental health of public safety personnel: A rapid systematic scoping review. 2021. Corthésy-Blondin L, et al.
• Regional Gray Matter Volume Related to High Occupational Stress in Firefighters. 2021. Lee D, et al.
• Rejection of workers' compensation claims may increase depressive symptoms among firefighters with occupational injury: a nationwide study in South Korea. 2021. Kim JY, et al.
• Resilience and Subjectively Experienced Stress Among Paramedics Prior to and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. 2021. Piotrowski A, et al.
• Secondary Traumatic Stress in Emergency Services Systems (STRESS) Project: Quantifying and Predicting Compassion Fatigue in Emergency Medical Services Personnel. 2021. Renkiewicz GK, et al.
• Secondary Traumatic Stress in Emergency Services Systems (STRESS) Project: Quantifying Personal Trauma Profiles for Secondary Stress Syndromes in Emergency Medical Services Personnel With Prior Military Service. 2021. Renkiewicz GK, et al.
• Selected personality dimensions and occupational burnout in the group of professional and volunteer firefighters. 2021. Mróz B, et al.
• Sleep disorders and psycho-affective problems in paramedical personnel working an atypical schedule. 2021. Brahim D, et al.
• Sleep Paralysis among Professional Firefighters and a Possible Association with PTSD-Online Survey-Based Study. 2021. Wróbel-Knybel P, et al.
• South African pre-hospital emergency care personnel's lived experiences of managing paediatric emergencies: A qualitative research design utilising one-on-one interviews. 2021. Mosca CG, et al.
• Suicide Among the Emergency Medical Systems Occupation in the United States. 2021. Vigil NH, et al.
• Suicide committed by a paramedic using a cocktail of drugs: Morphine, etomidate, diazepam and rocuronium. Case report and review of literature. 2021. Smędra A, et al.
• The Association of Death Notification and Related Training with Burnout among Emergency Medical Services Professionals. 2021. Campos A, et al.
• The combination of deep breathing and mental imagery promotes cardiovascular recovery in firefighters. 2021. Biéchy JP, et al.
• The Effect of Psychological Hotwash on Resilience of Emergency Medical Services Personnel. 2021. Ebrahimian A, et al.
• The impact of the traditional male role norms on the posttraumatic stress disorder among Polish male firefighters. 2021. Jakubowski TD, et al.
• The mediating role of coping in the relationship of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (PTSS) and job burnout among Chinese firefighters. 2021. Huang J, et al.
• The relationship between resilience and psychological characteristics of paramedicine students. 2021. Mason R, et al.
• The role of organizational supports in mitigating mental ill health in firefighters: A cohort study in Alberta, Canada. 2021. Cherry N, et al.
• Understanding Capability and Suicidal Ideation among First Responders. 2021. Bond AE, et al.
• Understanding the effect of post-traumatic stress on the professional quality of life of pre-hospital emergency staff. 2021. Koohsari E, et al.
• Why are emergency medical technicians' coping strategies dysfunctional? Direct and indirect effects of resilience and perceived stress. 2021. Fonseca SM, et al.
• Why Do Public Safety Personnel Seek Tailored Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioural Therapy? An Observational Study of Treatment-Seekers. 2021. McCall HC, et al.
• Workplace interpersonal conflict in prehospital emergency: Concept analysis. 2021. Parvaresh-Masoud M, et al.
• Workplace Safety: Both Physical and Emotional. 2021. Lal A, et al.
• Work-related factors in the etiology of symptoms of post-traumatic stress among first responders: the Brazilian Firefighters Longitudinal Health Study (FLoHS). 2021. Vasconcelos AG, et al. ALmutairi MN, et al.

2020

• Ambulance and police students' experiences of being first on site after a fatal traffic crash - A qualitative study. 2020. Stjerna Doohan I, et al.
• Anxiety and strategies for coping with stress used by first responders and out-of-hospital emergency health care staff before the COVID-19 pandemic. 2020. Piñar-Navarro E, et al.
• Assessing the Relative Impact of Diverse Stressors among Public Safety Personnel. 2020. Carleton RN, et al.
• Childhood Maltreatment Compromises Resilience Against Occupational Trauma Exposure: A Retrospective Study Among Emergency Medical Service Personnel. 2020. Behnke A, et al.
• Cognitive functions of shift workers: paramedics and firefighters - an electroencephalography study. 2020. Sumińska S, et al.
• Community lessons to understand resuscitation excellence (culture): Association between emergency medical services (EMS) culture and outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. 2020. Cooper M, et al.
• Coping and Its Relation to PTSD in Greek Firefighters. 2020. Theleritis C, et al.
• Correlates of mental health in occupations at risk for traumatization: a cross-sectional study. 2020. Schäfer SK, et al.
• Does Emotional Labor Increase the Risk of Suicidal Ideation among Firefighters? 2020. Hyun DS, et al.
• Effect of Repetitive Simulation Training on Emergency Medical Services Team Performance in Simulated Pediatric Medical Emergencies. 2020. Kothari K, et al.
• Evaluating the effectiveness of a group-based resilience intervention versus psychoeducation for emergency responders in England: A randomized controlled trial. 2020. Wild J, et al.
• Examining Mental Health Knowledge, Stigma, and Service Use Intentions Among Public Safety Personnel. 2020. Krakauer RL, et al.
• Factors associated with PTSD and partial PTSD among first responders following the Paris terror attacks in November 2015. 2020. Motreff Y, et al.
• Factors Influencing the Mental Health of Firefighters in Shantou City, China. 2020. Chen X, et al.
• First Look at Emergency Medical Technician Wellness in India: Application of the Maslach Burnout Inventory in an Unstudied Population. 2020. Koval KW, et al.
• Healing the Healer: Protecting Emergency Health Care Workers' Mental Health During COVID-19. 2020. Wong AH, et al.
• Help in Hand After Traumatic Events: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Health Care Professionals on the Efficacy, Usability, and User Satisfaction of a Self-Help App to Reduce Trauma-Related Symptoms. 2020. Meer CAIVD, et al.
• Heroes in crisis: Trauma centers should be screening for and intervening on posttraumatic stress in our emergency responders. 2020. Tatebe LC, et al.
• Intentions and Motivations for Exiting the Emergency Medical Services Profession Differ Between Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics. 2020. Rivard MK, et al.
• Interventions for the prevention and management of occupational stress injury in first responders: a rapid overview of reviews. 2020. Antony J, et al.
• Mental and Physical Factors Influencing Wellbeing among South Korean Emergency Workers. 2020. Choi MY.
• Mental health and quality of life in firefighters working on the scene in South Korea: Focused on the capital area and the ground pro-motion area. 2020. Jang WH, et al.
• Mental health and social support among public safety personnel. 2020. Vig KD, et al.
• Mental health training, attitudes toward support, and screening positive for mental disorders. 2020. Carleton RN, et al.
• Mindfulness for healthcare providers fosters professional quality of life and mindful attention among emergency medical technicians. 2020. Ducar DM, et al.
• Moderated Mediation Effect of Mindfulness on the Relationship Between Muscular Skeletal Disease, Job Stress, and Turnover Among Korean Firefighters. 2020. Lee JH, et al.
• Occupational stressors among firefighters: application of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM)Techniques. 2020. Rajabi F, et al.
• Pain intensity, alcohol use motives, and alcohol use among firefighters: The moderating role of pain-related anxiety. 2020. Rogers AH, et al.
• Pilot Study on Risk Perceptions and Knowledge of Fentanyl Exposure Among New York State First Responders. 2020. Persaud E, et al.
• Posttraumatic Stress, Alcohol Use Severity, and Alcohol Use Motives Among Firefighters: The Role of Anxiety Sensitivity. 2020. Lebeaut A, et al.
• Prevalence and Predictors of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Symptoms in Paramedics at Saudi Red Crescent Authority. 2020. Almutairi I, et al.
• Prevalence and predictors of PTSD, depression and posttraumatic growth among Chinese firefighters. 2020. Sun X, et al.
• Prevalence of exposure to critical incidents in firefighters across Canada. 2020. Nazari G, et al.
• Prevalence of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Firefighters in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2020. Sahebi A, et al.
• Profiling and Predicting Help-Seeking Behaviour Among Trauma-Exposed UK Firefighters. 2020 Tamrakar T, et al.
• Protecting the front line: a cross-sectional survey analysis of the occupational factors contributing to healthcare workers' infection and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA. 2020. Firew T, et al.
• Relationship Between the Depressive State of Emergency Life-Saving Technicians and Near-Misses. 2020. Honno K, et al.
• Should Public Safety Shift Workers be Allowed to Nap While on Duty? 2020. Patterson DP, et al. Crowe RP, et al.
• Sleep and Mental Health among Paramedics from Australia and Saudi Arabia: A Comparison Study. 2020. Khan WAA, et al.
• Sleep Quality and Mental Disorder Symptoms among Canadian Public Safety Personnel. 2020. Angehrn A, et al.
• Social Embeddedness of Firefighters, Paramedics, Specialized Nurses, Police Officers, and Military Personnel: Systematic Review in Relation to the Risk of Traumatization. 2020. Geuzinge R, et al.
• Stress and Stigmatization in Health-Care Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. 2020. Sorokin MY, et al.
• Stress, burnout and diminished safety behaviors: An argument for Total Worker Health® approaches in the fire service. 2020. Smith TD, et al.
• Suicidal behaviors among American Indian/Alaska Native firefighters: Evidence for the role of painful and provocative events. 2020. Stanley IH, et al.
• Sustainable Work Performance: The Roles of Workplace Violence and Occupational Stress. 2020. Rasool SF, et al.
• The association of job demands and resources with burnout among emergency medical services professionals. 2020. Crowe RP, et al.
• The effect of a mental health promotion program on Korean firefighters. 2020. Won GH, et al.
• The effects of emergency medical service work on the psychological, physical, and social well-being of ambulance personnel: a systematic review of qualitative research. 2020. Lawn S, et al.
• The health and well-being of paramedics - a professional priority. 2020. Meadley B, et al.
• The impact of burnout syndrome on practitioners working within rural healthcare systems. 2020. Bethea A, et al.
• The Impact of Intolerance of Uncertainty and Anxiety Sensitivity on Mental Health Among Public Safety Personnel: When the Uncertain is Unavoidable. 2020. Angehrn A, et al.
• The relationship between shift-work, sleep, and mental health among paramedics in Australia. 2020. Khan WAA, et al.
• Validation of the Suicidal Behavior Exposure Scale in First Responders. 2020. Wolford-Clevenger C, et al.
• Work-Family Conflict among Iranian Emergency Medical Technicians and Its Relationship with Time Management Skills: A Descriptive Study. 2020. Beyramijam M, et al.
• Years of Service, Self-Efficacy, Stress and Burnout Among Polish Firefighters. 2020. Makara-Studzińska M, et al.

2019

• Alcohol Use and Mental Health Symptoms in Female Firefighter Recruits. 2019. Gulliver SB, et al.
• Alcohol Use Problems, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Suicide Risk Among Trauma-Exposed Firefighters. 2019. Bing-Canar H, et al.
• Death by Suicide-The EMS Profession Compared to the General Public. 2019. Vigil NH, et al.
• Deconstructing Traumatic Mission Experiences: Identifying Critical Incidents and Their Relevance for the Mental and Physical Health Among Emergency Medical Service Personnel. 2019. Behnke A. et al.
• Determinants of Occupational Burnout Among Employees of the Emergency Medical Services in Poland. 2019. Leszczyński P, et al.
• Effect of Burnout on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Firefighters in Korea: Data From the Firefighter Research on Enhancement of Safety & Health (FRESH). 2019. Kim W, et al.
• Effect of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) on Severity of Stress in Emergency Medical Technicians. 2019. Behnammoghadam M, et al.
• Emergency Medical Services Provider Perspectives on Pediatric Calls: A Qualitative Study. 2019. Jeruzal JN, et al.
• Factors That Affect Israeli Paramedics' Decision to Quit the Profession: A Mixed Methods Study. 2019. Dopelt K, et al.
• Higher Sense of Coherence Is Associated With Better Mental and Physical Health in Emergency Medical Services: Results From Investigations on the Revised Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-R) in Rescue Workers. 2019. Behnke A, et al.
• Impact of Stressful Events on Motivations, Self-Efficacy, and Development of Post-Traumatic Symptoms Among Youth Volunteers in Emergency Medical Services. 2019. Roditi E, et al.
• Lessons in Post-Disaster Self-Care From 9/11 Paramedics and Emergency Medical Technicians. 2019. Smith E, et al.
• Massage Therapy in Management of Occupational Stress in Emergency Medical Services Staffs: A Randomized Controlled Trial. 2019. Mahdizadeh M, et al.
• Mental Health and Mindfulness Amongst Australian Fire Fighters. 2019. Counson I, et al.
• Paramedic and Emergency Medical Technician Reflections on the Ongoing Impact of the 9/11 Terrorist Attacks. 2019. Smith EC, et al.
• Perceived Social Support Functions as a Resilience in Buffering the Impact of Trauma Exposure on PTSD Symptoms Via Intrusive Rumination and Entrapment in Firefighters. 2019. Lee JS.
• Perceptions of Belongingness and Social Support Attenuate PTSD Symptom Severity Among Firefighters: A Multistudy Investigation. 2019. Stanley IH, et al.
• Posttraumatic Stress, Alcohol Use, and Alcohol Use Motives Among Firefighters: The Role of Distress Tolerance. 2019. Zegel M, et al.
• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Sleep Quality Among Urban Firefighters in Thailand. 2019. Khumtong C, et al.
• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Mindfulness Facets in Relation to Suicide Risk Among Firefighters. 2019. Stanley IH, et al.
• Predicting Posttraumatic Growth Among Firefighters: The Role of Deliberate Rumination and Problem-Focused Coping. 2019. Yang Sk, et al.
• Prevalence and Correlates of Suicidal Ideation in Korean Firefighters: A Nationwide Study. 2019. Park H, et al.
• PTSD Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation in US Female Firefighters. 2019. Noor N, et al.
• PTSD Symptom Severity and Impulsivity Among Firefighters: Associations With Alcohol Use. 2019. Bartlett BA, et al.
• Relationship between the depressive state of emergency life-saving technicians and near-misses. 2019. Honno K, et al.
• Secondary Traumatization in First Responders: A Systematic Review. 2019. Greinacher A, et al.
• Self-Efficacy as a Moderator Between Stress and Professional Burnout in Firefighters. 2019. Makara-Studzińska M, et al.
• Sense of Coherence Is Linked to Post-Traumatic Growth After Critical Incidents in Austrian Ambulance Personnel. 2019. Ragger K, et al.
• Social Support Outside the Workplace, Coping Styles, and Burnout in a Cohort of EMS Providers From Minnesota. 2019. Boland LL, et al.
• The Association of the Exposure to Work-Related Traumatic Events and Work Limitations Among Firefighters: A Cross-Sectional Study. 2019. Kim MJ, et al.
• The design and psychometric evaluation of the emergency medical services resilience scale (EMSRS). 2019. Ebadi A, et al.
• The Impact of Working Overtime or Multiple Jobs in Emergency Medical Services. 2019, Rivard MK, et al.
• The Influence of Exposure to Natural Disasters on Depression and PTSD Symptoms Among Firefighters. 2019. Pennington ML, et al.
• The Relationship Between Grit and Resilience in Emergency Medical Service Personnel. 2019. Musso M, et al.
• The Most and Least Stressful Prehospital Emergencies From Emergency Medical Technicians' View Point; A Cross-Sectional Study. 2019. Khazaei A, et al.
• The Prevalence and Health Impacts of Frequent Work Discrimination and Harassment Among Women Firefighters in the US Fire Service. 2019. Jahnke SA, et al.
• Training to Improve Resilience and Coping to Monitor PTSD in Rescue Workers. 2019. Scuri S, et al.
• Well-being and PTSD in German Emergency Medical Services - A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey. 2019. Eiche C, et al.
• Workplace Incivility Among Nationally Certified EMS Professionals and Associations With Workforce-Reducing Factors and Organizational Culture. 2019. Cash RE. et al.

2018

• A Case Study of the Effects of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder on Operational Fire Service Personnel Within the Lancashire Fire and Rescue Service. 2018. Khan K, et al.
• Anxiety Sensitivity and Suicide Risk Among Firefighters: A Test of the Depression-Distress Amplification Model. 2018. Stanley IH, et al.
• Association of Burnout With Workforce-Reducing Factors Among EMS Professionals. 2018. Crowe RP, et al.
• Burnout and Exposure to Critical Incidents in a Cohort of Emergency Medical Services Workers from Minnesota. 2018. Boland LL, et al.
• Burnout and safety outcomes - a cross-sectional nationwide survey of EMS-workers in Germany. 2018. Baier N, et al.
• Conceptualization, Assessment, and Treatment of Traumatic Stress in First Responders: A Review of Critical Issues. 2018. Lewis-Schroeder NF, et al.
• Coping Styles and Dispositional Optimism as Predictors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptoms Intensity in Paramedics. 2018. Kucmin T, et al.
• Emotion Regulation in Rescue Workers: Differential Relationship With Perceived Work-Related Stress and Stress-Related Symptoms. 2018. Gärtner A, et al.
• Exiting the Emergency Medical Services Profession and Characteristics Associated With Intent to Return to Practice. 2018. Cash RE, et al.
• Exposure to Suicide and Suicide Bereavement Among Women Firefighters: Associated Suicidality and Psychiatric Symptoms. 2018. Hom SI, et al.
• Firefighters, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Barriers to Treatment: Results From a Nationwide Total Population Survey. 2018. Kim JE, et al.
• Mental Disorder Symptoms Among Public Safety Personnel in Canada. 2018. Carleton RN, et al.
• Mental Health Service Use and Help-Seeking Among Women Firefighters With a Career History of Suicidality. Hom MA, et al.
• Occupational Stress and Suicidality Among Firefighters: Examining the Buffering Role of Distress Tolerance. 2018. Stanley IH, et al.
• Perceived Stress in Black and Latino Male Firefighters: Associations With Risk and Protective Factors. 2017. Arbona C, et al.
• Posttraumatic Stress, Alcohol Use, and Alcohol Use Reasons in Firefighters: The Role of Sleep Disturbance. 2018. Smith LJ, et al.
• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Suicide Risk in Male Firefighters: The Mediating Role of Anxiety Sensitivity. 2018. Boffa JW, et al.
• Prevalence and Associated Factors of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Emergency Responders of Addis Ababa Fire and Emergency Control and Prevention Service Authority, Ethiopia: Institution-Based, Cross-Sectional Study. 2018. Bezabh YH, et al.
• Prevalence and Correlates of Psychiatric Symptoms Among First Responders in a Southern State. 2018. Jones S, et al.
• Prevalence of PTSD and Common Mental Disorders Amongst Ambulance Personnel: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2018. Petrie K, et al.
• Problematic Alcohol Use and Suicidal Ideation Among Firefighters: A Multi-Study Investigation of the Explanatory Roles of Perceived Burdensomeness and Thwarted Belongingness. 2018. Gallyer AJ, et al.
• Relationship between burnout and PTSD symptoms in firefighters: the moderating effects of a sense of calling to firefighting. 2018. Jo I, et al.
• Research Into Australian Emergency Services Personnel Mental Health and Wellbeing: An Evidence Map. 2018. Varker T, et al.
• SAMHSA Disaster Technical Assistance Center Supplemental Research Bulletin First Responders: Behavioral Health Concerns, Emergency Response, and Trauma. 2018. SAMHSA.
• The Benefits of Indirect Exposure to Trauma: The Relationships Among Vicarious Posttraumatic Growth, Social Support, and Resilience in Ambulance Personnel in China. 2018. Kang X, et al.
• The Impact of Emotional Labor on the Severity of PTSD Symptoms in Firefighters. 2018. Park H, et al.
• The Impact of Trauma Exposure on the Development of PTSD and Psychological Distress in a Volunteer Fire Service. 2018. Miligan-Saville J, et al.
• The importance of manager support for the mental health and well-being of ambulance personnel. 2018. Petrie K, et al.
• The Mediation Effect of PTSD, Perceived Job Stress and Resilience on the Relationship Between Trauma Exposure and the Development of Depression and Alcohol Use Problems in Korean Firefighters: A Cross-Sectional Study. 2018. Kim JI, et al.
• The Role of Disclosure Attitudes in the Relationship Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity and Perceived Social Support Among Emergency Service Workers. 2018. Köhler M, et al.
• The Ruderman White Paper on Mental Health and Suicide of First Responders. 2018. Heyman M, et al.
• The Unique and Interactive Effects of Anxiety Sensitivity and Emotion Dysregulation in Relation to Posttraumatic Stress, Depressive, and Anxiety Symptoms Among Trauma-Exposed Firefighters. 2018. Paulus DJ, et al.
• Violence at Work and Mental Distress Among Firefighters in Guatemala. 2018. Pinto CM, et al.

2017

• A Systematic Review Including Meta-Analysis of Work Environment and Burnout Symptoms. 2017. Aronsson G, et al.
• A Systematic Review of the Usefulness of Pre-Employment and Pre-Duty Screening in Predicting Mental Health Outcomes Amongst Emergency Workers. 2017. Marshall RE, et al.
• Alcohol Use and Suicidality in Firefighters: Associations With Depressive Symptoms and Posttraumatic Stress. 2017. Martin CE, et al.
• Alcohol Use and Problem Drinking Among Women Firefighters. 2017. Haddock CK, et al.
• Association of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Work Performance: A Survey From an Emergency Medical Service, Karachi, Pakistan. 2017. Kerai S, et al.
• Correlates of Suicidality in firefighter/EMS Personnel. 2017. Martin CE, et al.
• Cumulative Exposure to Work-Related Traumatic Events and Current Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in New York City's First Responders. 2017. Geronazzo-Alman L, et al.
• Describing the Mental Health Profile of First Responders: A Systematic Review. 2017. Jones S.
• Differences in Psychiatric Symptoms and Barriers to Mental Health Care Between Volunteer and Career Firefighters. 2017. Stanley IH, et al.
• Duty-Related Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Professional Firefighters. 2017. Lee JH, et al.
• Emergency Medical Services Responders' Perceptions of the Effect of Stress and Anxiety on Patient Safety in the Out-Of-Hospital Emergency Care of Children: A Qualitative Study. 2017. Guise JM, et al.
• Examining Anxiety Sensitivity as a Mediator of the Association Between PTSD Symptoms and Suicide Risk Among Women Firefighters. 2017. Stanley IH, et al.
• Examining Physical and Sexual Abuse Histories as Correlates of Suicide Risk Among Firefighters. 2017. Hom MA, et al.
• Factors Influencing the Suicide Intervention Skills of Emergency Medical Services Providers. 2017. Lygnugaryte-Griksiene A, et al.
• Main and Interactive Effects of Depression and Posttraumatic Stress in Relation to Alcohol Dependence Among Urban Male Firefighters. 2017. Paulus DJ, et al.
• Managing Stress in Prehospital Care: Strategies Used by Ambulance Nurses. 2017. Bohström D, et al.
• Mental Health Stigma and Barriers to Mental Health Care for First Responders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 2017. Haugen PT, et al.
• Nationwide Firefighter Survey: The Prevalence of Lower Back Pain and Its Related Psychological Factors Among Korean Firefighters. 2017. Kim MG, et al.
• Positive Coping: A Unique Characteristic to Pre-Hospital Emergency Personnel. 2017. Ebadi A, et al.
• Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Its Predictors in Emergency Medical Service Personnel: A Cross-Sectional Study From Karachi, Pakistan. 2017. Kerai SM, et al.
• PTSD, Acute Stress, Performance and Decision-Making in Emergency Service Workers. 2017. Regehr C, et al.
• PTSD Symptoms and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Firefighters. 2017. Boffa JW, et al.
• Relationship Between Burnout and PTSD Symptoms in Firefighters: The Moderating Effects of a Sense of Calling to Firefighting. 2017. Jo I, et al.
• Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Women Firefighters: An Examination of Associated Features and Comparison of Pre-Career and Career Prevalence Rates. 2017. Stanley IH, et al.
• The Amplification of Common Somatic Symptoms by Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Firefighters. 2017. Milligan-Saville JS, et al.
• The Relationship Between Empathy and Burnout - Lessons for Paramedics: A Scoping Review. 2017. Williams B, et al.
• The Relationship Between Quality of Life and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder or Major Depression for Firefighters in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. 2017. Chen YS, et al.
• Women Firefighters and Workplace Harassment: Associated Suicidality and Mental Health Sequelae. 2017. Hom MA, et al.

2016

• 2016 National Survey on EMS Mental Health Services. 2016. National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians (NAEMT).
• A Prospective Study of Pre-Trauma Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Depression. 2016. Wild J, et al.
• A Systematic Review of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Police Officers, Firefighters, EMTs, and Paramedics. 2016. Stanley IH, et al.
• Assessment of Acute Trauma Exposure Response for FIRE-EMS Personnel. 2016. Hoffmann MC.
• Association Between Job Stress and Occupational Injuries Among Korean Firefighters: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study. 2016. Kim YK, et al.
• Association Between Resiliency and Posttraumatic Growth in Firefighters: The Role of Stress Appraisal. 2016. Ogińska-Bulik N, et al.
• A Test of the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide in a Large Sample of Current Firefighters. 2016. Chu C, et al.
• DSM-5 PTSD and posttraumatic stress spectrum in Italian emergency personnel: correlations with work and social adjustment. 2016. Carmassi C, et al.
• EMS Perspectives on Coping with Child Death in an Out-of-Hospital Setting. 2016. Barbee AP, et al.
• Fatigue and Mental Health in Australian Rural and Regional Ambulance Personnel. 2016. Pyper Z, et al.
• Firefighting and Mental Health: Experiences of Repeated Exposure to Trauma. 2016. Jahnke SA, et al.
• Mental Health Service Use Among Firefighters With Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors. 2016. Hom MA, et al.
• Organizational Belongingness Mediates the Relationship Between Sources of Stress and Posttrauma Outcomes in Firefighters. 2016. Armstrong D, et al.
• Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress and Preferred Sources of Social Support Among Canadian Paramedics. 2016. Donnelly EA, et al.
• PTSD in Paramedics: Direct Versus Indirect Threats, Posttraumatic Cognitions, and Dealing With Intrusions. 2016. Michael T, et al.
• Risk Factors for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Polish Paramedics: A Pilot Study. 2016. Rybojad B, et al.
• Suicide Mortality Among Firefighters: Results From a Large, Urban Fire Department. 2016. Stanley IH, et al.
• The Association Between Sleep Disturbances and Depression Among Firefighters: Emotion Dysregulation as an Explanatory Factor. 2016. Hom MA, et al.
• The Mental Health of Fire-Fighters: An Examination of the Impact of Repeated Trauma Exposure. 2016. Harvey SB, et al.
• The Primary Prevention of PTSD in Firefighters: Preliminary Results of an RCT With 12-Month Follow-Up. 2016.
• The relationship between burnout, PTSD symptoms and injuries in firefighters. 2016. Katsavouni F, et al.
• Why Do Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Professionals Leave EMS? 2016. Blau G, et al.

2015

• Career Prevalence and Correlates of Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Firefighters. 2015. Stanley IH, et al.
• Characteristics of the Traumatic Stressors Experienced by Rural First Responders. 2015. Regambal MJ, et al.
• Resiliency Improvements in Medical Emergency Staff in Burn Missions: A Qualitative Study in an Iranian Context. 2015. Froutan R. et al.
• Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory as related factor for post traumatic stress disorder symptoms according to job stress level in experienced firefighters: 5–year study. 2015. Chung IS, et al.
• Relationship Between Low Back Pain With Quality of Life, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among Emergency Medical Technicians. 2015. Rahimi A, et al.
• Social Support and Negative and Positive Outcomes of Experienced Traumatic Events in a Group of Male Emergency Service Workers. 2015. Ogińska-Bulik N.
• Social Support, Stress, and Suicidal Ideation in Professional Firefighters. 2015. Carpenter GSJ, et al.
• The Effect of Organisational System on Self-Rated Depression in a Panel of Male Municipal Firefighters. 2015. An SJ, et al.
• What’s Killing Our Medics? 2015. Reviving Responders and Ambulance Service Manger Program.

2014

• Cognitive Appraisals, Objectivity and Coping in Ambulance Workers: A Pilot Study. 2014. Shepherd L, et al.
• Covariates of Alcohol Consumption Among Career Firefighters. 2014. Piazza-Gardner AK, et al.
• Current State of Knowledge of Post-Traumatic Stress, Sleeping Problems, Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease in Paramedics. 2014. Hegg-Deloye S, et al.
• Downtime After Critical Incidents in Emergency Medical Technicians/Paramedics. 2014. Halpern J, et al.
• Group Critical Incident Stress Debriefing With Emergency Services Personnel: A Randomized Controlled Trial. 2014. Tuckey MR, et al.
• Life After the Emergency Services: An Exploratory Study of Well Being and Quality of Life in Emergency Service Retirees. 2014. Bracken-Scally M, et al.
• Paramedics' Experiences and Coping Strategies When Encountering Critical Incidents. 2014. Avraham N,  et al.
• Pre-hospital Burn Mission as a Unique Experience: A Qualitative Study. 2014. Froutan R, et al.
• PTSD in Paramedics: Resilience and Sense of Coherence. 2014. Streb M, et al.
• Resilience Buffers the Impact of Traumatic Events on the Development of PTSD Symptoms in Firefighters. 2014. Lee JS, et al.
• Trauma Exposure, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and the Effect of Explanatory Variables in Paramedic Trainees. 2014. Fjeldheim CB, et al.
• Trauma-exposed Firefighters: Relationships Among Posttraumatic Growth, Posttraumatic Stress, Resource Availability, Coping and Critical Incident Stress Debriefing Experience. 2014. Sattler DN, et al.
• Work-Related Psychosocial Hazards Among Emergency Medical Responders (EMRs) in Mansoura City. 2014. Khashaba EO, et al.

2013

• An Assessment of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Nationally Certified EMS Professionals. 2013. Bentley MA, et al.
• Burnout Among Advanced Life Support Paramedics in Johannesburg, South Africa. 2013. Stassen W, et al.
• Caring for the Country: Fatigue, Sleep and Mental Health in Australian Rural Paramedic Shiftworkers. 2013. Courtney JA, et al.
• Mental Health Conditions, Individual and Job Characteristics and Sleep Disturbances Among Firefighters.2013. Barros VMD, et al.
• Negative and Positive Effects of Traumatic Experiences in a Group of Emergency Service Workers --The Role of Personal and Social Resources. 2013. Ogińska-Bulik N.
• Post-traumatic stress disorder among paramedic and hospital emergency personnel in south-east Iran. 2013. Iranmanesh S, et al.
• The Effect of Quality Circles on Job Satisfaction and Quality of Work-Life of Staff in Emergency Medical Services. 2013. Hosseinabadi R, et al.
• The Enduring Mental Health Impact of the September 11th Terrorist Attacks: Challenges and Lessons Learned. 2013. Ozbay F, et al.

2012

• Alcohol Use Among Firefighters in the Central United States. 2012. Haddock CK, et al.
• Attachment Insecurity, Responses to Critical Incident Distress, and Current Emotional Symptoms in Ambulance Workers. 2012. Halpner J, et al.
• Identifying, Describing, and Expressing Emotions After Critical Incidents in Paramedics. 2012 Halpern J, et al.
• Physical and Psychosocial Work Environment Factors and Their Association With Health Outcomes in Danish Ambulance Personnel - A Cross-Sectional Study. 2012. Hansen CD, et al.
• Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Job Stress Among Firefighters of Urban Japan. 2012. Saijo Y, et al.
• Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Other Psychological Symptoms in Trauma-Exposed Firefighters. 2012. Meyer EC, et al.
• Rescuers at Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis of the Worldwide Current Prevalence and Correlates of PTSD in Rescue Workers. 2012. Berger W, et al.
• Symptoms and Responses to Critical Incidents in Paramedics Who Have Experienced Childhood Abuse and Neglect. 2012. Maunder RG, et al.
• The Critical Incident Inventory: Characteristics of Incidents Which Affect Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics. 2012. Halpern J, et al.
• The Impact of Stress on Paramedic Performance During Simulated Critical Events. 2012. Leblanc VR, et al.
• The Impact of Traumatic Events on Emergency Room Nurses: Findings from a Questionnaire Survey. 2012. Adriaenssens J, et al.
• Treating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in First Responders: A Systematic Review. 2012. Haugen PT, et al.
• Work-related Stress and Posttraumatic Stress in Emergency Medical Services. 2012. Donnelly E.

2011

• A Comparison of General and Ambulance Specific Stressors: Predictors of Job Satisfaction and Health Problems in a Nationwide One-Year Follow-Up Study of Norwegian Ambulance Personnel. 2011. Sterud T, et al.
• Engagement and Vicarious Traumatization in Rescue Workers. 2011. Argentoero P, et al.
• Exploring the Importance of Different Items as Reasons for Leaving Emergency Medical Services Between Fully Compensated, Partially Compensated, and Non-Compensated/Volunteer Sample. 2011. Blau G, et al.
• Frequency of and Subjective Response to Critical Incidents in the Prediction of PTSD in Emergency Personnel. 2011. Declercq F, et al.
• Mindfulness Is Associated With Fewer PTSD Symptoms, Depressive Symptoms, Physical Symptoms, and Alcohol Problems in Urban Firefighters. 2011. Smith BW, et al.
• Retrospectively Exploring the Importance of Items in the Decision to Leave the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Profession and Their Relationships to Life Satisfaction After Leaving EMS and Likelihood of Returning to EMS. 2011. Blau G, et al.
• Sleep Problems, Depression, Substance Use, Social Bonding, and Quality of Life in Professional Firefighters. 2011. Carey MG, et al.
• The Effects of Injury and Accidents on Self-rated Depression in Male Municipal Firefighters. 2011. Chung YK, et al.
• Work-related Critical Incidents in Hospital-Based Health Care Providers and the Risk of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms, Anxiety, and Depression: A Meta-Analysis.  2011. Boer JD et al.

2010

• An Application of The Social Support Deterioration Deterrence Model to Rescue Workers. 2010. Prati G, et al.
• Identifying Risk of Emotional Sequelae After Critical Incidents. 2010. Halpern J, et al.
• Occupational Burnout Levels in Emergency Medicine--A Nationwide Study and Analysis. 2010. Popa F, et al.
• Self-efficacy Moderates the Relationship Between Stress Appraisal and Quality of Life Among Rescue Workers. 2010. Prati G, et al.
• The Psychological Impact of Motor Vehicle Accidents on Emergency Service Workers. 2010. Maia AC, et al.
• The Relation of Perceived And Received Social Support to Mental Health Among First Responders: A Meta‐Analytic Review. 2010. Prati G, et al.
• Trauma Exposure and Symptoms of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Emergency Medical Services Personnel in Hawaii. 2010. Mishra S, et al.

2009

• Experience of Critical Incident Stress Among Ambulance Service Staff and Relationship to Psychological Symptoms. 2009. Gallagher S, et al.
• Occupational Risk Factors in the Emergency Medical Services. 2009. Donnelly E, et al.
• Psychological Impact Upon London Ambulance Service of the 2005 Bombings. 2009. Misra M, et al.

2008

• Chronic Stress and Associated Coping Strategies Among Volunteer EMS Personnel. 2008. Essex B, et al.
• Occupational Stressors and Its Organizational and Individual Correlates: A Nationwide Study of Norwegian Ambulance Personnel. Sterud T, et al.
• Resilience Among First Responders. 2008. Pietrantoni l, et al.
• Stress, Work Overload, Burnout, and Satisfaction Among Paramedics in Israel. 2008. Nirel N, et al.
• Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts in a Nationwide Sample of Operational Norwegian Ambulance Personnel. 2008. Sterud T, et al.
• Twenty-four-hour Shift Work, Depressive Symptoms, and Job Dissatisfaction Among Japanese Firefighters. 2008. Saijo Y, et al.

2007

• Depressive Symptoms among Firefighters and Related Factors after the Response to Hurricane Katrina. 2007. Tak S, et al.
• Job Stress and Depressive Symptoms Among Japanese Fire Fighters. 2007. Saijo Y, et al.
• Living in Critical Times: The Impact of Critical Incidents on Frontline Ambulance Personnel--A Qualitative Perspective. 2007. Gallagher S, et al.
• Maladaptive Self-Appraisals Before Trauma Exposure Predict Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. 2007. Bryant RA, et al.
• Partial and Full PTSD in Brazilian Ambulance Workers: Prevalence and Impact on Health and on Quality of Life. 2007. Berger W, et al.

2006

• Critical Incident Exposure in South African Emergency Services Personnel: Prevalence and Associated Mental Health Issues. 2006. Ward CL, et al.
• Health Status in the Ambulance Services: A Systematic Review. 2006. Sterud T, et al.
• Impact of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Job-Related Stress on Burnout: A Study of Fire Service Workers. 2006. Mitani S, et al.

2005

• Associations Between Organizational and Incident Factors and Emotional Distress in Emergency Ambulance Personnel. 2005. Bennett P, et al.
• Maladaptive Appraisals as a Risk Factor for Posttraumatic Stress: A Study of Trainee Firefighters. 2005. Bryant RA, et al.
• Occupational Stress Among Japanese Emergency Medical Technicians: Hyogo Prefecture. 2005. Okada N, et al.
• Predicting Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms From Pretraumatic Risk Factors: A 2-year Prospective Follow-Up Study in Firefighters. 2005. Heinrichs M, et al.
• Role of Peer Support and Emotional Expression on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Student Paramedics. 2005. Lowery K, et al.

2004

• Acute Stress Disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Depression in Disaster or Rescue Workers. 2004. Fullerton CS, et al.
• Daily Stress and Concept of Self in Swedish Ambulance Personnel. 2004. Jonsson 1, et al.
• Guilt, Shame and Need for a Container: A Study of Post-Traumatic Stress Among Ambulance Personnel. 2014. Jonsson A, et al.
• Judgement of Risk in Traumatized and Nontraumatized Emergency Medical Service Personnel. 2004. Nortje C, et al.
• Levels of Mental Health Problems Among UK Emergency Ambulance Workers. 2004. Bennett P, et al.

2003

• Acute and Chronic Job Stressors Among Ambulance Personnel: Predictors of Health Symptoms. 2003. Ploeg EVD, et al.
• Post-traumatic Stress Among Swedish Ambulance Personnel. 2003. Jonsson A, et al.

2002

• Exposure to Human Tragedy, Empathy, and Trauma in Ambulance Paramedics. 2002. Regehr C, et al.
• Incident-related Stressors, Locus of Control, Coping, and Psychological Distress Among Firefighters in Northern Ireland. 2002. Brown J, et al.
• Posttraumatic Symptoms and Disability in Paramedics. 2002. Regehr C, et al.

2001

• Ambulance Personnel and Critical Incidents: Impact of Accident and Emergency Work on Mental Health and Emotional Well-Being. 2001. Alexander DA, et al.
• Management and the Creation of Occupational Stressors in an Australian and a UK Ambulance Service. 2001. Mahony KL.

2000

• Individual Predictors of Traumatic Reactions in Firefighters. 2000. Regehr C, et al.
• The Critical Incident Stress Debriefing Process for the Los Angeles County Fire Department: Automatic and Effective. 2000. Hokanson M, et al.
• The Impact of Trauma Exposure on the Cognitive Schemas of a Sample of Paramedics. 2000. Galloucis M, et al.